Leverhulme Visiting Professor Robert Gerwarth will give four major public lectures, the ‘Leverhulme lectures on the History of Civil Wars’. Two of these Leverhulme Lectures will be delivered at Oxford and a further two at Edinburgh University and Queen’s University Belfast. Professor Gerwarth will share his particular expertise on the history of war, violence, and conflict in the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, Gerwarth will provoke wide-ranging discussion about the prevalence of civil violence, and how far that violence should be understood as imitative, self-contained, or part of a wider culture of European conflicts.